See espinar on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-ar<t:place where something is grown>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"place where something is grown\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "espinar m (plural espinares)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hawthorn wood"
],
"id": "en-espinar-es-noun-A6c4KyDZ",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 44 18 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 64 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 70 9 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 53 15 14 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 58 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 61 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 59 13 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 55 14 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 55 14 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 59 13 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 65 10 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 50 14 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -ar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 56 14 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish verbs ending in -ar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place covered with thorny bushes"
],
"id": "en-espinar-es-noun-xxyKgjw4",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espinal"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-ar<pos:verb-forming suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"es\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espino",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "es-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "espinar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinando",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinados",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinadas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "espináis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinábamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaban",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinó",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasteis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinará",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaréis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinases",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinásemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinareis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiná",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado)",
"name": "es-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nocomb": "1"
},
"name": "es-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sting, to pierce"
],
"id": "en-espinar-es-verb-B51yq3zr",
"links": [
[
"sting",
"sting"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pinchar"
},
{
"word": "punzar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cover with thorns or thorny branches"
],
"id": "en-espinar-es-verb-HzLpXR6o"
},
{
"glosses": [
"to offend someone with words"
],
"id": "en-espinar-es-verb-lRzCoeH0"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -ar",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verbs",
"Spanish verbs ending in -ar"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-ar<t:place where something is grown>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"place where something is grown\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (“place where something is grown”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "espinar m (plural espinares)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hawthorn wood"
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"place covered with thorny bushes"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espinal"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -ar",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verbs",
"Spanish verbs ending in -ar"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-ar<pos:verb-forming suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-ar\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"es\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinar\">\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish espinar\nFrom espina + -ar (verb-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espino",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "es-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "espinar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinando",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinados",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinadas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espino",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "espináis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinábamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaban",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinó",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasteis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarás",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinará",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaréis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarán",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarías",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríamos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarían",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"informal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináramos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinases",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinásemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaseis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"imperfect-se",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináremos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinareis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiná",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"vos-form"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado)",
"name": "es-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nar"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nocomb": "1"
},
"name": "es-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sting, to pierce"
],
"links": [
[
"sting",
"sting"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pinchar"
},
{
"word": "punzar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cover with thorns or thorny branches"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to offend someone with words"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnaɾ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɾ"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espinar meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.